Obesity Essays - Obesity, Body Shape, Bariatrics, Human Weight

Obesity Obesity also called CORPULENCE, or FATNESS, excessive accumulation of body fat, usually caused by the consumption of more calories than the body can use. The excess calories are then stored as fat, or adipose tissue. Overweight, if moderate, is not necessarily obesity, particularly in muscular or large-boned individuals. In general, however, a body weight 20 percent or more over the optimum tends to be associated with obesity. The body's ability to adjust food intake to body needs can be disturbed by numerous factors. Of these, hormone imbalances and glandular defects are believed to be of least importance, being demonstrable in only bout 5 percent of all obese individuals. Although obesity may be familial, suggestive of a genetic predisposition to fat accumulation, there is also evidence that early feeding patterns imposed by the obese mother upon her offspring may play a major role in a cultural, rather than genetic, transmission of obesity from one generation to the next. More generally, the distinctive way of life of a nation and the individual's behavioral and emotional reaction to it may contribute significantly to widespread obesity. Among the affluent populations, an abundant supply of readily available high-calorie foods and beverages, coupled with increasingly sedentary living habits that markedly reduce caloric needs, can easily lead to overeating. The stresses and tensions of modern liv! ing also cause some individuals to turn to foods and alcoholic drinks for "relief." Obesity may be undesirable from an aesthetic sense, especially in parts of the world where slimness is the popular preference; it is also a serious medical problem. Generally, obese persons have a shorter life expectancy; they suffer earlier, more often, and more severely from a large number of diseases than do their normal-weight counterparts. They are also more likely to die prematurely of degenerative diseases of the heart, arteries, and kidneys. More die of accidents and diabetes, and more constitute poor surgical risks than persons with normal weight. Mental health is also affected; behavioral consequences of an obese appearance, ranging from shyness and withdrawal to overly bold elf- assertion, may be rooted in neuroses and psychoses. The treatment of obesity has two main objectives: removal of the causative factors, which may be difficult if the causes are of emotional or psychological origin; and removal of surplus fat by reducing food intake. Return to normal body weight by reducing calorie intake is best done under medical supervision. Dietary fads and reducing diets that produce quick results without effort are of doubtful effectiveness in reducing body weight and keeping it down, and most are actually deleterious to health. (See dieting.) Obesity is to be distinguished from overweight caused by edema (excess retention of fluids) stemming from various diseases.

Communication and Faster Paced World Essays

Communication and Faster Paced World Essays Communication and Faster Paced World Essay Communication and Faster Paced World Essay The modernization of today is bringing along many benefits and advantages to its people. However, some side effects can also be seen from the effect. In this blog post, I would be analyzing how modernization can bring about both benefits and disadvantages to people. Modernization of today’s world is bringing about much better efficiency around the world. Travelling from Singapore to China used to take months of travelling now took hours. Messages that used to take weeks to be sent out now took seconds. It can therefore be seen how the modernization of our world bring about efficiency to our world, resulting in a faster paced world, without wasting long amounts of time for information and people to be transported from 1 place to another. As a result of the efficiency of our growing world, the economic status of countries is rising rapidly, with countries becoming richer. This would hence improve the living conditions of people living in these countries, which would overall help everyone’s lives to be better. However, though urbanization brings about much advantage and benefits, there are also considerably severe disadvantages and impacts caused. One example of this is the pollution of the environment due to this. With the urbanization of the world, more and more fuel would be burnt, which releases greenhouse gases and contributes towards global warming. This is only one reason how modernization can damage the environment. Another disadvantage of modernization is that our younger generations may soon lose the important communications skills needed in life, and spend more time on social website and instant messaging on the internet. This would hence result in the loss of communications skills among people, a severe consequence indeed. With this combination of advantages and disadvantages, what is it that we are aiming for? Is the current situation what we wanted? Is the advantages worth going for while considering the disadvantages? These are some questions that are highly debatable and there is really no definite answer.

Reflection paper on the film awakenings with Robin Williams Essay

Reflection paper on the film awakenings with Robin Williams - Essay Example +complete visual field has been offered by Dr. Sayer by painting the floor tiles. Lucy Fishman was one of the victims of the dangerous disease. The key objective of the doctor was to move Lucy from her bed to the window. The double vision symptom of the disease enables victims to create an instantaneous perception of dual images of a solitary object (Young 181). Visual field of the floor tiles has created two visions that helped Lucy to gently stride near the window. Music is pivotal therapy for patients to nullify the outcome of the disease. Encephalitis lethargica disease leaves certain patients motionless and speechless. Music can help victims to create change in the activity of cells to enhance the cellular responsive. Music is the method that helps to increase the cognitive process of an individual. The implementation of music improved the response to stimuli. The role of music for the betterment of the â€Å"frozen† people is undeniable. Emotional patients can be sensitive towards certain types of music. Each â€Å"frozen† people is studied for utilization of music. Different styles of music are played to dissimilar patients to induce. Songs that are from the past are played for the benefit of frozen people. Old music played for the patients helped to recognize the patter of music. This assisted â€Å"frozen† people to be consciously awake. Dr. Sayer stopped using L-dopa drug due to its adverse impact on â€Å"frozen† people. The use of this drug can make patients violent and effectively worsen the situation. Violent patients sometimes attack the doctors. At initial stage the use of drugs benefited patients to nullify the impact of the disease. The ability to perform task provided normally and motor movement of the patients were enhanced by the application of L-Dopa drug. But after regular use of this drugs made frozen people more aggressive and violent. Eventually patients returned in to catatonic and normal state. After epidemic of

US Economic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

US Economic - Research Paper Example In the past, people used to undertake transaction using barter trade, but currently it is done by various mediums of exchange. The achievement of economic stability is not an easy task as it is usually influenced by internal and external factors. This paper seeks to give an in-depth analysis of the current USA economic situation taking into account analysis of labor, marketing, growth, and investing. Economy In the United States of America, numerous changes have been achieved in the economic system. In the year 2008, the recession threatened the economy which has since then been recovering until this year when the European region crises affected various economies across the globe. The reason for the impact to be felt in the United States of America is that there is not a single economy in the world that is entirely independent. This is mainly because economic activities, such as international trade, involve different countries which usually have differences in their economic capacity . In the achievement of the improved overall American economy, the following factors have played a significant part. (A).Technological Evolution It is evident that technological advancements have had great impact on the society, as well as the country as a whole. One of the biggest technological advancement made is the invention of computers and the internet. Through the internet, communication between various persons have been greatly improved which has generally affected the conduction of business transactions. Moreover, the internet provides a platform at which US traders can advertise and sell to various persons across the globe. This has been very rewarding and is evident in the ever-increasing number of organizations conducting both online and offline businesses, with a preference to online transactions. In the industrial sector, the technological advancement has led to the development of more efficient and high capacity machinery, which has significantly reduced the input cos ts and increased production. This directly translates to increased returns, which are currently achieved by many companies. The National security is very essential in ensuring that the economic activities run smoothly in the United States of America. In this regard, the technological advancement has ensured continuous improvement of the security system. This has helped to control various threats from our enemies, as no American citizen would wish to observe our economy being affected by terrorist activities, as in the case of September 11 attack. As for the consumers, technology has ensured that the products availed to them are fit for consumption and they have been provided with various means of payment, such as the use of debit card. (B). Geography The location of United States of America in the geographical map is good to its economic development. The country has a large stretch of it national boundary along the sea. This is equipped with numerous harbors, which have ensured that exports are made timely and effectively. In achieving this, improvements in the ports have been conducted in the twenty first century. A good example is the renovation conducted after the destruction caused by Katrina in 2005. (c). Social Organization The interaction between the American in their daily activities is very essential in the achievement of national success. Major revolutions in these issues were achieved in mid twentieth century with the passage of the Civic rights bill of 1964. Currently, the government has enforced laws that have ensured that discrimination by race, gender

Gender relations after WWII Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gender relations after WWII - Essay Example In the World War Two, women started doing more industrial jobs and even participated in the military actions in the front line. Before the war, men were considered as the breadwinners who need to work outside the homes, while the women’s role was ‘contained’ within the confines of the house. However, â€Å"as some sixteen million males were enlisted or were drafted into the military, employer’s recruited women to fill the roles on the assembly lines of what were referred to, as essential industry opportunities.† (Bryant 2009). During the war, there was also the need for heightened production from the industries to support the war efforts, and with only minimal men available to fill the vacancies, women were recruited in large numbers and were encouraged to play larger roles outside their homes. Even various propagandas were carried out thorough mediums including print, radio, films, etc., to entice women to join the workforce. However, there was a ca tch and that mainly led to some opposition, resulting in the changing of gender relations after the War. That is, â€Å"women's employment was only encouraged as long as the war was on. Once the war was over, federal and civilian policies replaced women workers with men. (PBS). With the plan of handing over the jobs to the returning men, the women were restricted from continuing in their jobs and importantly encouraged to take over their family roles. That is, after the war, there was a strong reassertion of long-established gender roles, with the working women asked to return to their homes, so they can rebuild and stabilize their families, as many families suffered some form of disruption due to the war. â€Å"Motherhood lay at the centre of post-war constructions of femininity, bolstered by theories of the damage suffered by children deprived of 'mothering', while men were constructed as breadwinners.† (Pears). Although sizable number of working women left their jobs and returned to their traditional roles inside their homes after the war, other sections of the women wanted to continue in their jobs. They felt liberated and also socially as well as financially independent because of the jobs, and wanted to continue in the same path. Thus, the women who were supposed to give back the jobs to the men started resisting because of their new found positive status. This led to gender confrontation, as the returning soldiers faced a lot of difficulties in finding jobs in post war societies in European countries and United States of America. After serving the country, the men expected jobs and comfort in their homes. However, with women wanting to continue in their jobs, they faced difficulties in both the fronts. This led to confrontation between the genders in both at the home and at the workplace. Due to the growing influence of the women, men felt threatened and they responded with harassment and discrimination against the women. â€Å"The independence given to women during the war and its removal with the advent of the returning men, had a definitive effect on gender relations† (Study World). This scenario also laid the ‘seeds’ for the raise of Women rights movements in various countries. With working women being confined to their homes, the women

Reviewing The Novel No Name Woman English Literature Essay

Reviewing The Novel No Name Woman English Literature Essay Kingston and Tan, both of stereotypical immigrant background, use their memories of deceased mother to build credibility in their respective articles. In Tans Mother Tongue, major themes of language and identity throughout the essay revolves around how the mothers past lives in china affect their daughters lives in this country; just as the daughters childhood experiences effect their identities and adult lives. Likewise, Kingston uses a similar approach by introducing the mother character early on in the essay, with the narrators mother telling her a story which she must never repeat about the aunt she never knew. However, unlike Tans descriptive approach on mother-daughters daily lives, Kingston focuses on the clear parallel between her aunts tragedy and her own deprivations as the daughter of immigrants: the repression of sexuality, individuality, and generational shame. Despite their differences, the power of the spoken and written word is the common theme which gave birth to its relative themes in both respective articles. Being a talk-story meant to be kept silence, No Name Woman is written instead of spoken; Mother Tongue revolves around the narrator and her mothers spoken English, and again, is written instead of spoken. Stylistically, No Name Womans distinctive accomplishment lies within the cross boundaries between genres, dictions, styles, between fact and fiction. The narrator makes radical leaps in time and space, spanning over 100 years of Chinese-American history, combining Chinese myth, family history, and American individualism and rebelliousness. On the other hand, being a significant part of Tans childhood, the limitation in language of Tans mother has more or less influence over her writing style. She criticises her past attempt to create wittily crafted sentence that could prove her mastery over the English language, That was my mental quandary in its nascent state. A terrible line, which I can barely pronounce. This explains the lack of imaginative detail, metaphor and personal musings in Mother Tongue, in which was exerted strongly in Kingstons work. However, it is the simplicity of Tans language that evoke an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple truth without the extr avagance of time leaping, non-linear talk-stories to reveal the same emotions, ideas or a simple truth both authors wish to impact on the readers themselves. It is clear that both Tan and Kingston are reaching out to other Chinese-Americans who share their feelings of displacement and frustration. So easy to read., a verdict given by Tans mother upon completion on readings of Tans work, highlights the purpose of Tans essay in increasing the awareness of language in family, home, peer, and work communities: allowing English literatures not only accessible to mainstream Americans, but also the minorities of limited English comprehension. Being a product of the sixties, No Name Woman contains traces of the civil right and womens liberation movements of that time, where Kingston proposes: Women in the old China did not choose. Some man had commanded her to lie with him and be his secret evil she obeyed him. However, it is her struggle to make sense of her mothers story according to her mothers traditional Chinese code of beliefs, that she shares her questions and concerns directly to Chinese-Americans: Chinese-Americans, when you try to unde rstand what things in you are Chinese, how do you separate what is peculiar to childhood, to poverty, insanities, one family, your mother who marked your growing with stories, from what is Chinese? What is Chinese tradition and what is the movies? Having to state that, as an immigrant story for a nation of immigrants, both Kingston and Tans work are nevertheless intended as well for a mainstream audience. The lives Kingston and Tan have to battle through are interesting ones. The opening words of The Woman Warrior set the tone for much of the rest of the memoir, You must not tell anyone, my mother said, what I am about to tell you In fact, after being silence all her life, Kingston becomes a rebellion of sorts by breaking the silence and asserts power over those who have held her back. Such form of rebellious nature is nevertheless expressed in Tans Mother Tongue as she breaks stereotypic cycle surrounding Asians, Fortunately, I happen to be rebellious in nature and enjoy the challenge of disproving assumptions made about me. However, such depiction of unique experience in literature, as present in both Kingston and Tans work, can arguably be deemed reprehensible for its threat to distort Chinese-American reality. As the subject is forbidden, Kingston knows nothings about her aunt beyond the broad details of the story. This presents us with a dichotomy of the ambiguous nature of talk- story a blend of the real and fantasies. Similarly, Tan makes generalisation of the English spoken in other Asian-American families, not to mention her emphasise on math and science, in which Tan describes as what happened to me, not what happened to every Asian-American. The confusion and ambivalence they feel as the author, who were once the listeners, parallel ours. However, just as Kingston writes of No Name Woman: Unless I see her life branching into mine, she gives me no ancestral help, it enables readers to make allowances for Kingston and Tans reinterpretation of mothers word from their own American perspective, thereby encouraging readers too to alter ideas from each article according to their own perspectives. I believe that each of us was Amy Tan, or Maxine Hong Kingston, in some point of our lives. Whether it is through silence, or through talking, reading both authors pieces is like having a prophetic, riddle-like dream: one cannot help but to be drawn into its stories by their distinctive writing style, concepts of cultural language and identity, and its reflection on the readers themselves. With this comes an important point: sometimes we must be far away from home, or to be separated from our roots somehow, in order to realize and appreciate what we really have.

Vibration Analysis Procedure

VIBRATION ANALYSIS PROCEDURE A vibratory system is a dynamic one for which the variables such as the excitations (inputs) and responses (outputs) are time dependent. The response of a vibrating system generally depends on the initial conditions as well as the external excitations. Most practical vibrating systems are very complex, and it is impossible to consider all the details for a mathematical analysis. Only the most important features are considered in the analysis to predict the behavior of the system under specified input conditions.Often the overall behavior of the system can be determined by considering even a simple model of the complex physical system. Thus the analysis of a vibrating system usually involves mathematical modeling, derivation of the governing equations, solution of the equations, and interpretation of the results. †¢Mathematical Modeling. The purpose of mathematical modeling is to represent all the important features of the system for the purpose of de riving the mathematical (or analytical) equations governing the system s behavior.The mathematical model should include enough details to allow describing the system in terms of equations without making it too complex. The mathematical model may be linear or nonlinear, depending on the behavior of the system s components. Linear models permit quick solutions and are simple to handle; however, nonlinear models sometimes reveal certain characteristics of the system that cannot be predicted using linear models. Thus a great deal of engineering judgment is needed to come up with a suitable mathematical model of a vibrating system. Derivation of Governing Equations. Once the mathematical model is available, we use the principles of dynamics and derive the equations that describe the vibration of the system. The equations of motion can be derived conveniently by drawing the free-body diagrams of all the masses involved. The free-body diagram of a mass can be obtained by isolating the mass and indicating all externally applied forces, the reactive forces, and the inertia forces.The equations of motion of a vibrating system are usually in the form of a set of ordinary differential equations for a discrete system and partial differential equations for a continuous system. The equations may be linear or nonlinear, depending on the behavior of the components of the system. †¢Solution of the Governing Equations. The equations of motion must be solved to find the response of the vibrating system.Depending on the nature of the problem, we can use one of the following techniques for finding the solution: standard methods of solving differential equations, Laplace transform methods, matrix methods, and numerical methods. If the governing equations are nonlinear, they can seldom be solved in closed form. Furthermore, the solution of partial differential equations is far more involved than that of ordinary differential equations. Numerical methods involving computers can b e used to solve the equations.However, it will be difficult to draw general conclusions about the behavior of the system using computer results. †¢Interpretation of the Results. The solution of the governing equations gives the displacements, velocities, and accelerations of the various masses of the system. These results must be interpreted with a clear view of the purpose of the analysis and the possible design implications of the results. Reference link: http://classof1. com/homework-help/engineering-homework-help

Ergonomic Tools Assessing Musculoskeletal Injury Health And Social Care Essay

Musculoskeletal hurt ( MSI ) as define by Part 4, subdivision 4.46 of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation of as an hurt or upset of the musculuss, sinews, ligaments, articulations, nervousnesss, blood vass or related soft tissue including a strain, sprain and redness, that may be caused or aggravated by work. Musculoskeletal hurt ( MSI ) has become, a common type of hurt in the workplace ensuing in lost in productiveness in many industries. There are a figure of ergonomic tools available for measuring the hazard of musculoskeletal hurt. Of these tools, I have decided to concentrate and discourse three ( 3 ) , they are: – Rapid full organic structure appraisal ( REBA ) was developed by Sue Hignett and Lynn McAtamney as a postural analysis system sensitive to musculoskeletal hazards in a assortment of undertakings. It divides the organic structure into sections to be coded separately with mention to motion planes. It provides a marking system for musculus activity caused by inactive, rapid changing, dynamic or unstable positions. REBA plants by detecting places of single organic structure sections. The more divergences from the impersonal position, the higher the mark of each organic structure portion. There are two ( 2 ) groups that are combined, group A includes bole, cervix and legs and group B upper and lower weaponries and legs. The 144 position combinations are transformed to a general postural mark. Additionally, burden handed, matching with the local handled and physical activity are observed and scored. These tonss are entire up to hold one mark for each observation and so compared to tabular arraies saying hazard on five degrees ( negligible – really high ) and actions needed ( none – necessary now ) . Quick Exposure Check ( QEC ) is scored by delegating values to a figure of ‘Observer ‘ and ‘Worker ‘ factors. For each of four organic structure parts ( back, shoulder, carpus and cervix ) , several braces of variables are fed into a search tabular array to bring forth a series of sub-scores that are so totaled to bring forth a mark for that organic structure portion. You can measure both manual handling and non-manual handling undertakings which do non affect back motion. QEC follows five ( 5 ) stairss: Measure 1 – Self Training – first clip users must read the User Guide to understand the nomenclature and assessment classs that are used in the check-list. Measure 2 – Perceiver ‘s Assessment Check-list – the individual detecting a peculiar undertaking uses the perceiver ‘s assessment check-list to carry on a hazard appraisal. One complete work rhythm is observed before doing an appraisal. If a undertaking can non easy be broken down into undertakings, the ‘worst ‘ event within that occupation when a peculiar organic structure portion in inquiry is most to a great extent loaded should be observed. The appraisal can be carried out by direct observation or by utilizing video footage. Measure 3 – Worker ‘s Assessment Check-list – the worker being observed must finish the ‘workers assessment ‘ check-list. Measure 4 – Calculation of Exposure Scores – utilizing the ‘table of exposure tonss ‘ to cipher the exposure scores for each undertaking. Circle all the letters matching to the replies from the ‘observer ‘s appraisal ‘ and the ‘worker ‘s appraisal ‘ . Mark the Numberss at the traversing point of every brace of circled letters. Calculate a entire mark for each organic structure portion. Measure 5 – Consideration of Actions – QEC rapidly identifies the exposure degrees for the dorsum, shoulder, arm, carpus, manus and cervix and it evaluates an ergonomic intercessions can efficaciously cut down these exposure. 2.3 Ovako Working Posture Analysis System – OWAS Ovako Working Posture Analysis System ( OWAS ) is a method of coding the position of a worker that allows the injuriousness of the position to be categorized into four ( 4 ) action classs of increasing urgency. It is based upon adept opinions of the injuriousness of peculiar positions. A clip based trying attack can be used with it so that the classification can take history of the length of clip spent in any peculiar position ( Karhu et al. , 1977, 1981, Kivi and Mattila, 1991, Vedder, 1998 ) . Puting the codifications for the four ( 4 ) sections in the sequence of back, legs, tonss and weaponries form the overall position codification. A evaluation system categorizes seventy two ( 72 ) different positions in footings of uncomfortableness caused, and the attempt on wellness. Back positions are defined as either consecutive set, directly and distorted, or set and distorted. OWAS identifies the most common work positions for the dorsum, which includes four positions ; weaponries three positions, legs seven positions and the weight of the burden handled three classs. The four ( 4 ) action classs listed below shows the wellness jeopardies of each work position or position combination in the OWAS method on the musculoskeletal system: – Work positions are considered normally with no peculiar harmful consequence on the musculoskeletal system. No actions are needed to alter work positions. Work positions have some harmful consequence on the musculoskeletal system. Light emphasis, no immediate action is necessary, but alterations should be considered in future planning. Work positions have a clearly harmful consequence on the musculoskeletal system. The working methods involved should be changed every bit shortly as possible. Positions during work have a high harmful consequence on the musculoskeletal system. Solutions should be found instantly to cut down these positions. 2.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Tools Tool Advantage Disadvantage QEC Provides wellness and safety practicians with a user friendly assessment tool with good cogency. Helps carry organisations to do ergonomic alterations. Involves both the practician and the worker in the appraisal, thereby supplying a Fuller apprehension of working patterns. It is straightforward, speedy and easy to utilize. Is compatible with HSE hazard appraisal. Conjectural exposure scores with the suggested ‘action degrees ‘ demand validating. Extra preparation and pattern may be needed for novitiate users to better appraisal dependability. Method focuses on physical workplace factors merely. REBA Low cost and an effectual method. User friendly. If valid or accurate can supply valuable penetration into working conditions. Validity and dependability may be low in relation to specific demands for ergonomic appraisal. Can be biased. Time consuming ( both right and left manus hold to be assessed individually ) . OWAS Enables comparings with old research in similar scenes. Easy to utilize and use with high dependability in field probes. It is suited to measure dynamic, risky working positions of workers while traveling about their workstations. Time consuming. Does non divide right and left upper appendages. Requires thorough preparation. Appraisals of cervix, cubituss and carpuss are losing. Does non see repeat or continuance of the consecutive position. 2.5 Critical Analysis of Tools REBA, QEC and OWAS are all check-list type tools. The lone tools needed to execute this type of appraisal are a pencil and paper. All three ( 3 ) REBA, QEC and OWAS besides exist as computing machine plans, so you can input informations collected directly into the package to cipher the overall mark. REBA can measure position, burden, force and motion frequence whereas, QEC assesses position, burden, force, motion frequence, continuance, recovery, quiver, etc. and OWAS merely assesses position, burden and force. REBA, QEC and OWAS use ordinal marking systems and so unite the tonss for different hazard factors. REBA and OWAS were design to bring forth an appraisal of the urgency of remedial action for the undertaking being assessed utilizing action classs. QEC has an exact mathematical theoretical account implicit in its construction with fluctuations in burdening between factors. REBA and OWAS are performed by one individual who understands how the assessment tool is used, whereas QEC is carried out both by the affected employee and the individual making the appraisal. When executing anyone of these three ( 3 ) tools, the user must understand to the full the map and nomenclature used, or the appraisal will non be accurate. OWAS has a broad scope of utilizations but the consequences can be low in item. REBA was developed specifically with sensitiveness to unpredictable on the job positions. REBA does non cover in item with lower limb place. REBA distinguishes between greater or less than 20 grades of flexure of the caput and cervix but non farther. Both REBA and QEC create overall tonss from a mixture of hazard factors specific to the upper limb and to the lower dorsum. These three ( 3 ) techniques ( REBA, QEC and OWAS ) are easy and speedy to utilize, comprehensive and dependable to measure exposures and can be flexible adequate to be applied to a scope of occupations. Observational or subjective opinion techniques such as REBA, QEC and OWAS are non more dependable than direct measuring techniques. Decision There are a figure of tools used in the appraisal of musculoskeletal hurt in the workplace. It is of import to measure these state of affairss in order to forestall hurt to workers. The three tools discussed before are a good illustration of common check-list type tools that can measure the hazard of musculoskeletal hurts in the workplace in a quantitative manner. It is of import when taking an ergonomic tool, that it is right for the occupation. There is no, best tool for any one occupation but, one must make up one's mind on the best attack to what needs to be done. Rapid Entire Body Assessment ( REBA ) , Quick Exposure Check ( QEC ) and Ovako Working Posture Analysis System ( OWAS ) use ordinal marking systems and so unite the tonss for different hazard factors. Rapid Entire Body Assessment ( REBA ) and Ovako Working Posture Analysis System ( OWAS ) uses action classs based on four ( 4 ) and five ( 5 ) point ordinal graduated tables to give an appraisal of the urgency of remedial action for the undertaking. While the Quick Exposure Check ( QEC ) has an exact mathematical theoretical account implicit in its construction with fluctuations in burdening between factors. Even though Quick Exposure Check ( QEC ) has non yet been validated it has been wildly and often used along with Rapid Entire Body Assessment ( REBA ) and Ovako Working Posture Analysis System ( OWAS ) .

How Opportunity Structures Affect Your Life

How Opportunity Structures Affect Your Life The term opportunity structure refers to the fact that the opportunities available to people in any given society or institution are shaped by the social organization and structure of that entity. Typically within a society or institution, there are certain opportunity structures that are considered traditional and legitimate, like achieving economic success by pursuing education in order to get a good job, or dedicating oneself to a form of art, craft, or performance in order to make a living in that field. These opportunity structures, and untraditional and illegitimate ones too,  provide sets of rules that one is supposed to follow in order to achieve cultural expectations of success. When traditional and legitimate opportunity structures fail to allow for success, people may pursue success via untraditional and illegitimate ones. Overview Opportunity structure is a term and theoretical concept developed by American sociologists Richard A. Cloward and Lloyd B. Ohlin, and presented in their book  Delinquency and Opportunity, published in 1960. Their work was inspired by and built upon sociologist Robert Mertons theory of deviance, and in particular, his structural strain theory. With this theory Merton suggested that a person experiences strain when the conditions of society do not allow one to attain the goals that the society socializes us to desire and work toward. For example, the goal of economic success is a common one in U.S. society, and the cultural expectation is that one would work hard to pursue education, and then work hard in a job or career in order to attain this. However, with an underfunded public education system, high cost of higher education and burdens of student loans, and an economy dominated by service sector jobs, U.S. society today fails to provide the majority of the population with adequat e, legitimate means to attain this kind of success. Cloward and Ohlin build on this theory with the concept of opportunity structures by pointing out there are a variety of pathways to success available in society. Some are traditional and legitimate, like education and career, but when those fail, a person is likely to pursue pathways provided by other kinds of opportunity structures. The conditions described above, of inadequate education and job availability, are elements that can serve to block a particular opportunity structure for certain segments of the population, like kids to attend underfunded and segregated public schools in poor districts, or young adults who have to work to support their families and thus do not have the time or money to attend college. Other social phenomena, like racism, classism, and sexism, among others, can block a structure for certain individuals, while still enabling others to find success through it. For example, white students might thrive in a particular classroom while black students do not, because teachers tend to underestimate the intelligence of black kids, and to punish them more harshly, both of which hinder their ability to succeed in the classroom. Relevance in Society Cloward and Ohlin use this theory to explain deviance by suggesting that when traditional and legitimate opportunity structures are blocked, people sometimes pursue success through others that are  considered nontraditional and illegitimate, like getting involved in a network of petty or major criminals in order to make money, or by pursuing grey and black market occupations like sex worker or drug dealer, among others.

An eye for an eye essays

An eye for an eye essays The most severe of all sentences is in fact the death penalty. Also known as capital punishment, it's the most severe form of corporal punishment as it requires law enforcement officers to kill the offender. It has been banned in many countries, in the United States, an earlier move to eliminate capital punishment has now been reversed and more and more states are resorting to capital punishment for serious offenses such as murder. Like they say: An Eye for and eye, or a life for a life as it applies in this case. The Bible mentions it, and people have been using it regularly for centuries. One steals from those who have stolen from him, one wrongs those who have wronged him, but do we really have the right to kill those who have killed. Today, there is a big controversy over capital punishment whether or not it works, or if it is morally right. Do we have the right to decide the kind of lives others can or cannot live? We find someone guilty of murder and sentence him to death, doe s that not make murderers out of ourselves? Those who assist in the death penalty are they not partners in crime? Is the death penalty a "Cruel and Unusual" punishment or is it now a necessary tool in the war on crime? With the increase in crime and violence in our society, how does the death penalty affect a North American family. There are three major issues in the capital punishment debate, the first being deterrence, the second being retribution and the last is the danger of mistake. A major purpose of criminal punishment is to prevent future criminal conduct. The deterrence theory suggests that a rational person will avoid criminal behavior if the severity of the punishment outweighs the benefits of the illegal conduct. It is believed that fear of death deters people from committing crimes. That if attached to certain crimes, the penalty of death exerts a positive moral influence by placing a stigma on certain crimes like manslaughter, resulting...

Strategic Planning and Strategic Thinking Research Paper

Strategic Planning and Strategic Thinking - Research Paper Example 4). These plans are long term, and seeks to align the needs of the organization with the capabilities afforded by information systems (Mohdzin & Ward, 2007, p. 4). Closely related to this is the concept of strategic thinking. Strategic thinking is a proactive way of thinking, as it refers to when a manager looks ahead at possible problems and scenarios, and comes up with a solution to these problems and scenarios. In this way, the manager is able to think outside the box and this is the best way for an organization to survive and be competitive (Shoemaker, 1995, p. 25) Discussion To be effective, a strategic planning for information systems must be aligned with business objectives. According to Bhatnager (2010), there are business strategies, which state where the business wants to go, and how it plans to get there; and business plans, which describe the business and the business objectives (Bhatnager, 2010, p. 5). To be effective, the information systems strategic plan must take int o account both the business plan and the business strategy, and be used to further the strategic goals that the business has set forth. So, it must take into account the organizational requirements and the demand that the organization will expect of the system, and it must help the business meet its strategy (Bhatnager, 2010, p. 7). However, while the information systems strategy creates the demand, so to speak, information technology creates the supply. So, information technology strategy is the bridge between the demand created by the business and the information systems strategy and the supply, which is how the business will use the information systems to obtain its goals (Bhatnager, 2010, p. 8). With information systems strategy, the information system requirements are identified; with information technology strategy, how these requirements will be fulfilled is identified (Bhatnager, 2010, p. 9). In order for the information systems or the information technology to fulfill the g oals that are set out by the business, the Chief Information Officer (CIO) has to adopt a Strategic Information Systems Plan (SISP). These plans are helpful in the business managers rethinking their goals and how to obtain them, and will transform how the business plans on being successful (Bhatnager, 2010, p. 12). Conclusion Strategic planning and strategic thinking are vital to a business in adapting to a changing world. When an organization has an effective strategy regarding information systems and technologies, it helps that organization rise above competition, if the competition is not implementing similar strategies. Moreover, since the world is constantly changing, strategic planning is just as vital, as future problems need to be envisioned and addressed in a proactive manner. These are the systems that set organizations apart. Sources Used Hanna, N. 1985. Strategic planning and management. Available at: http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1985/09/ 01/000178830_98101903432616/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf Mohdzain, M. & Ward, J. 2007. A study of subsidiaries views of information systems. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 16(4), 324-352. Shoemaker, P. 1995. Scenario planning: A tool for strategic thinking. Sloan Management Review,

Total Monetary Sales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Total Monetary Sales - Essay Example However, the higher prices have resulted in sales decline in terms of volume; therefore, the real sales have decreased as an outcome. In other words, the company is losing its market share. Using given information, it should be highlighted that the product line has relatively inelastic demand; therefore, the increase in prices leads to less than proportional decrease in demand. Also, it should be argued that the net marketing contribution is stable because price hikes also raise company’s profit margin, which then enable the firm to assimilate losses from decrease in sales volume. Nevertheless, the firm has increased product’s market price due to surge in costs of doing business and subsequently the inflation. However, the cost structure and pricing strategy should be brought in-line because there is reasonable room to reduce market prices. For instance, it would be better to use competitive pricing strategy, after analyzing prices of substitute products, to tempt maxim um customers towards company’s market offerings. In this way, the rationalization of market prices will help enhancing sales volume and consequently the market share. This may probably lead to increase in marketing contribution if demand increases by more than proportional decrease in prices.